Balanced Score Card Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Adjusted Score Card - Article Example Learning and Growth viewpoint 12 6.1 Objectives 13 Increase the aptitudes and information on the workers 13 Satisfaction among the representatives 13 Reduce the whittling down pace of the representatives 13 6.2 Measures 13 7. Activity 14 REFERENCES 18 1. Adjusted Scorecard The decent scorecard is a strategic course of action and the executives framework that is widely utilized in industry, government, business and non-benefit association everywhere throughout the world so as to adjust the exercises of the business to the technique and vision of the of the association, upgrade the outside and inside correspondence and screen the exhibition of the association against the foreordained vital objectives. This has been made by Professors David Norton and Robert Kaplan as a system for execution estimation that includes customary money related measurements with the non-monetary execution quantifies that furnishes the administrators and the supervisors with a fair perspective on the presentat ion of the association. The reasonable scorecard model is utilized by the association to get an unmistakable point of view about what the association should gauge so as to adjust the money related viewpoint in activity with the association of vital plans. The equalization scorecard changes the key arrangement of the association from a striking however inactive record into a functioning one for the everyday schedule. It is a structure that not just furnishes the administrators of the organization with execution quantifies yet in addition causes them in recognizing and arranging what should be possible. It makes the officials equipped for confining methodologies. The reasonable scorecard professes to think about an association from four points of view and search for creating measurements, gathering the information and breaking down them. The four points of view are monetary viewpoint that takes a gander at the arrival on value, income, deals and pay development. Second is the customer ’s fulfillment point of view that measures on time conveyance, item improvement, imperfection levels and guarantee support. Third is the business procedure point of view that gauges the effectiveness of the inside business forms that is estimated through process duration, quality, efficiency and personal time. In conclusion learning and development point of view that measure authoritative and advancement learning estimated execution on the measurements like item improvement cycle, innovative initiative, operational improvement and so on. This investigation centers around the estimating the presentation of promoting unit of McDonalds through adjusted scorecard approach. Figure 1: Four points of view of Balance Score Card (Source: Kaplan and Norton, 1996, p. 76) 2. McDonald’s began their excursion in the year 1955 and from that point forward they have been gladly serving a portion of the world’s most loved food (McDonald’s, 2013a). They have overseen histor y as well as have made it. At present McDonald’s is working as the world’s greatest retailer in foodservices with more than 34,000 nearby eateries offering food to around 69 million individuals in around 118 nations for each day. The organization has worker quality of 1.8 million. About 80% of all the current eateries of McDonald’s are controlled by franchisee (McDonald’s, 2013b). They began â€Å"from drive-through cafés to Chicken McNuggets to school credits from Hamburger U and much more.† Ray Kroc longed for beginning an eatery network that will be acclaimed for its food which gives uniform

Quotations from President Abraham Lincoln

Citations from President Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln filled in as Americas sixteenth President of the United States, during the American Civil War. He wasâ assassinated not long after starting his second term as president. Following are cites from the man many accept to be the most noteworthy president.â On Patriotism and Politics With malevolence toward none, with foundation for all, with immovability morally justified, as God offers us to see the right, let us endeavor on to complete the work we are in, to tie up the countries wounds, to think about him who will have borne the fight, and for his widow and his vagrant - to do all which may accomplish and esteem an equitable and enduring harmony among ourselves and with all countries. Said during the Second Inaugural Addressâ given on Saturday, March 4, 1865. What is conservatism? Is it not adherence to the old and attempted, against the new and untried? Expressed during the Cooper Union Speech made on February 27, 1860.â A house separated against itself can't stand. I accept this legislature can't suffer forever half slave and half free. I don't anticipate that the Union should be broken up - I don't anticipate that the house should fall - yet I do expect it will stop to be isolated. It will turn out to be all oneâ thing,â or the various. Expressed in the House Divided discourse conveyed at the Republican State Convention on June 16,â 1858â in Springfield, Illinois.â On Slavery and Racial Equality On the off chance that subjection is right, nothing isn't right. Expressed in a letter to A. G. Hodges composed on April, 4, 1864.â [A]mong free men, there can be no fruitful intrigue from the voting form to the shot; and that they who take such intrigue make certain to lose their motivation, and pay the expense. Written in a letter to James C. Conkling. This was to be perused to people who went to an assembly on September 3, 1863.â As a country, we started by announcing that all men are made equivalent. We presently for all intents and purposes read it, All men are made equivalent, with the exception of Negroes. At the point when the Know-Nothings gain power, it will peruse, All men are made equivalent with the exception of Negroes, and outsiders, and Catholics. With regards to this I ought to incline toward emigrating to some other nation where they make no falsification of cherishing freedom - to Russia, for example, where imperialism can be taken unadulterated, without the base amalgam of lip service. Written in a letter to Joshua Speed on August 24, 1855. Speed and Lincoln had been companions since the 1830s.â On Honesty Truth is commonly the best vindication against defame. Statedâ in a letter to the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton on July 18, 1864. The facts confirm that you may trick the entirety of the individuals a portion of the time; you can even trick a portion of the individuals all theâ time; butâ you cant fool the entirety of the individuals constantly. Ascribed to Abraham Lincoln. Be that as it may, there is some inquiry concerning this.â On Learning [B]ooks serve to show a man that those unique considerations of his arent exceptionally new, all things considered. Reviewed by J. E. Gallaher in his book about Lincoln called Best Lincoln Stories: Tersely Toldâ published in 1898.

Beginners Guide to Data Quality

Beginners Guide to Data Quality Data’s importance for businesses is currently one of the most talked about issues. Organizations are constantly told how data analytics can drive better decision-making and that big data is crucial for business success. But is all data useful? © Shutterstock.com | everything possibleThis guide will look at data in terms of data quality. We’ll explain what data quality means and how your business could suffer from low quality data. Furthermore, we’ll look at the  benefits  of and explain the core elements of efficient data quality management.WHAT IS DATA QUALITY?Data quality looks at the ability of data to be reliable enough to serve a specific purpose. Data quality possesses certain characteristics that determine whether the quality is sufficient.Whilst there can be numerous ways to measure data quality in terms of properties, certain main dimensions are usually used. These main characteristics include:Completeness â€" The extent to which the expected data attributes are present. This doesn’t mean data has to be 100% complete to be high quality, but rather the completeness is measured in terms of user expectation and data availability. Incomplete data records are among the biggest challenges organizations must deal with. This is especially the case with data provided by customers, as customers don’t always see the benefit of providing detailed information to companies.Validity â€" Looks at whether the references are valid. That is especially important when multiple datasets are being connected with each other.Accuracy â€" Data has to be accurate to be high quality. Accuracy means the data reflects the reality. It’s important to note that data could be complete, yet remain inaccurate. For example, you might have the addresses of your entire clientele, but some of these addresses might be incorrectly spelled.Consistency â€" In certain instances, you also need to determine the consistency of the data. If you have multiple datasets, you can measure the consistency of facts across these different sets.Availability â€" The extent of availability of the data. Data shouldn’t be hard to access, but be readily available to everyone that requires it.Timeliness â€" Determines how up-to-date the data is in terms of the current task. Usually done by comparing the use date for data with the data source date. All data should ideally be time-stamped to ensure that timeliness is achieved. You should be able to understand when certain data was provided, as it can help to better understand the validity and accuracy of that information.The above dimensions are generally used for determining whether data qualifies as ‘high quality’. Overall, data quality is often measured through its ability to serve a specific purpose, as mentioned above. The specific purpose of data is often to support:Operations â€" Data quality is measured by how well it helps to achieve different operational tasks.Decision-making â€" Data quality can be an integral part of decision-making.Planning Data quality is also crucial for corporate planning.THE DANGERS OF INACCURATE DATAData quality is a crucial part of data analytics and any business involved with big data must understand the implications of inaccurat e data. Data quality is one of those concepts which is important and you would think businesses understand it, but unfortunately data quality is not often a top priority.Data itself is not enough, but it must be high quality for the business to reap benefits. If you don’t look after your data, then gathering it becomes meaningless. Consider it through the example of owning a luxury yacht. You can have the yacht, wash it regularly and give it a fresh coat of wax every year. But if you never look inside it or service it by changing oils or checking the motors, you won’t be able to enjoy the yacht. If you don’t look after it and you go out on the sea, you might just get in trouble.In fact, many businesses are not looking after their data quality as they should. Halo Business Intelligence’s data shows nearly 40% of all company data is inaccurate. Perhaps more worryingly, over 90% of companies admit the contact data they have is not accurate.Furthermore, the same data shows compa nies are aware of the problems of inaccurate data to a certain extent. Around 66% of the surveyed companies acknowledged the possibility that inaccurate data has negatively affected the business. In fact, the surveyed companies estimated the cost of inaccurate data stood on average at $8,200,000.How does low quality data affect companies and cause such havoc? The dangers of inaccurate data can be divided into two main issues: financial costs and loss of reputation.First, as the above survey results show, inaccurate data can cost money. Without data quality, you are making decisions, implementing operational strategies and planning your next moves based on wrong facts. For example, you might use data in order to create a marketing campaign. But if the data is inaccurate, you might end up marketing the product to the wrong target market or make wrong assumptions about consumer preferences. Hence, you might end up spending money on marketing which won’t have the desired effect.On the other hand, inaccurate data can increase your operational costs. If you have inaccurate contact data for customers or third-party suppliers, you might spend too much time trying to find the correct information. In business, time is money.But doesn’t implementing data quality cost money as well? Initially you might notice a spike in spending, as implementing a new data strategy can be expensive. But the cost of inaccurate data is much likely to be higher than any data quality strategy. This is because fixing mistakes tends to be costlier than limiting the risk of mistakes.A 2011 study by Anders Haug, Frederik Zachariassen, and Dennis van Liempd found that businesses should consider calculating an optimal level of data maintenance. Businesses should find a balance where the cost of inaccurate data would not be more or less than the cost of data maintenance. The optimal level can depend on the business, as well as the industry it operates in. Nonetheless, the study did find the cost of inaccurate data tends to be higher than the cost of data quality maintenance.Finally, inaccurate data can be damaging to the company’s brand. Inaccurate data can directly impact how you communicate with your consumers and your third-party suppliers. Examples such as sending an e-mail with the greeting “Dear Rich Bastard” might seem extreme, but they aren’t imaginary.If you repeatedly provide customers with miss-information or call them accidently due to inaccurate data, your business reputation is going to suffer as a consequence. Customers might find your data inaccuracy a nuisance or simply start treating your information untrustworthy and look elsewhere for high quality data and customer service.THE BENEFITS OF DATA QUALITYIgnoring data quality can result in serious damage to the business. But aside from avoiding these obvious drawbacks of low quality data, there are more benefits of implementing data quality.First, data quality can help an organization to reduce cost s across different departments. Halo Business Intelligence research found organizations that introduced a data quality initiative managed to reduce:Corporate expenses by 10% to 20%IT costs by 40% to 50%Operating costs by 40%Again, many of the above cost reductions are a result of the accurate use of data. Planning, decisions and actions are all more effectively conducted when the organization uses appropriate data. Your business can more efficiently remove inaccurate information from its database and therefore save time and money.But your organization isn’t just able to reduce costs across the organization. The cost reductions and better utilization of data can also increase revenue and sales. Your organization won’t make costly mistakes that could potentially hurt the business. This can improve brand image and guarantee customer loyalty. Furthermore, since you are using accurate data, your marketing campaigns and sales strategies are able to achieve superior results. As mention ed in the example in the previous chapter, you are less likely to end up marketing to the wrong target market if you ensure data quality checks are in place.Overall, this can help improve risk management. Mistakes become less likely as you can rely on the information you are using to make decisions. Data quality can reduce the risk in a variety of sectors from customer service to product development.This can all lead to better strategic planning. Your organization can  plan efficiently, conveniently and accurately because:You don’t spend time chasing the correct information, as data quality ensures data accuracy.You can easily access and find the necessary data, as data quality assures data is available and easy-to-use.You can make effective decisions, as data quality guarantees the information you use is correct.As well as improving finances, data quality also provides plenty of support for organizations. Company effectiveness improves, as the organization uses accurate informati on. Customer service is based on better data and accountability is much easier to achieve. Once you have a data quality plan in place, finding the reason for mistakes is much easier. If data quality is ensured, you can’t blame the data for problems, but look elsewhere in operations for accountability. This makes life easier for employees as well since they don’t have to worry about double-checking every piece of information they use to make decisions.Data quality can provide more information about the organization, which can help you prioritize the most sought after services. Data quality helps to identify data gaps, data inaccuracies and even the data usage. Overall, you are more able to direct resources to the areas most in need of attention. It’s important to understand that the quality of data is more important than the quantity of data. Data quality not only helps you to ensure data is correct, but also ensures you don’t waste energies on gathering information that is n ot useful to your business objectives.THE CORE ELEMENTS OF EFFICIENT DATA QUALITY MANAGEMENTHow can you get your data in order? There are different ways to go about the quality of data. A business should firstly consider its needs carefully, as understanding of data goals and objectives is crucial for data quality success.Overall, there are certain core elements data quality management must consider. These include: data governance, data quality assurance and data quality control.Data governanceAn organization should appoint a data governance team to monitor data quality. You want the organization to have a team in charge of data quality, with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. This ensures data is up-to-date and that there are sufficient procedures to guarantee this. Appropriate data governance will also guarantee the team is supported and accountability is at the core of your data quality process. Nowadays, it has become increasingly popular among companies to appoint a Ch ief Data Officer (CDO) who makes sure the board of directors is aware of all data issues within the organization.The data management team should focus on business objectives, strategic goals and business drivers. You should ask questions such as: What are the key objectives for your business? How can your business meet them? The answers will help define the data your business needs to thrive and it can help prioritize data quality goals.Once you’ve defined the objectives for your business in terms of the important data and datasets, you need to establish a proper database. A number of different data quality programs can be helpful at this point; or you could outsource this task to a remote database administrator. The most important thing is to focus on including data that leads towards the goal and strips off irrelevant and unnecessary data. Organizations are often wary of deleting data, but data quality requires you to only hold on to essential and accurate data.Overall, remember that data quality is not only about implementing the strategies with the most sophisticated methods. As discussed above, you need to understand the trade-off between implementing data quality and the loss of finances and reputation due to inaccurate data. This means you must understand data and how your organization wants to use it. This could mean that you don’t need a costly data quality program, but simply better manual checking of data.Since human error is generally the biggest problem behind inaccurate data, data governance should focus on educating employees about the importance of high quality data. You don’t want to create a separate section for dealing with data quality, but ensure everyone in the organization understands why data quality matters. This can be much more beneficial in removing inaccuracies and inconsistencies than any sophisticated software.Data quality assuranceThe other essential aspect of data quality is data quality assurance (QA). This refers to the process of profiling your data in order to identify inaccuracies in the data. When you are implementing data quality assurance, you are performing the following tasks:Profiling the data to find anomaliesCleansing the data by removing and deleting incorrect dataDuring data quality assurance you are ensuring the data in use is of the highest quality in terms of achieving the objectives outlined during the section on data quality governance. The process could be considered as the ‘deep-cleanse’ or ‘spring cleaning’ of data. You are ensuring your data sets are focused on achieving the objectives and the data you use for this purpose is of a high quality. Data quality assurance is the process of optimizing your data.Data quality controlFinally, you’ll also need to implement data quality control protocols. Data quality control (QC) is performed after quality assurance has taken place, as it guarantees data is correct and consists only the important elements. Data quality contro l is essentially the process for controlling the use of data and ensuring it’s appropriately used within the organization.During data quality assurance, you’ll learn the following information:The level of inconsistencies within the dataThe level of data incompletenessThe level of data accuracyDuring data quality control, this information is used to decide whether the data can be used. For example, if QA discovers the data is full of inconsistencies, QC would prevent the data from being used. Your organization could have an online template where customers need to apply their phone numbers. During quality assurance, the phone numbers could be found to be incomplete in many instances. Data quality control would then prevent the data from being used, for instance, at the customer service department. This would prevent your customer service representatives from wasting their time ringing numbers, which don’t exist.Therefore, the data quality control process helps to prevent the inc orrect use of data. It allows your organization and data management team to fix the inconsistencies and inaccuracies before they are used for planning, decision-making or operations.Finally, you can watch the below video to understand data quality through the example of Chrysler. The video highlights the benefits of data quality and the processes it involves in a simple manner. CONCLUSIONData is important to businesses and your organization can benefit from data analysis in a number of different ways. But you should understand data alone isn’t necessarily a benefit, it can only provide advantages if data quality is ensured. Inappropriate data management can become a liability for businesses and data quality can limit the risk of this.Data quality can help ensure you use your data appropriately and it guarantees decisions and strategies are based on accurate information. But instead of simply implementing costly and time-consuming data quality programs, the organization must unders tand the objectives of their data use. Data quality will be best guaranteed when you understand what data is crucial for business success and you eliminate incorrect and ineffective data from your datasets.

Obierikas Strong Sense - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 583 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Things Fall Apart Essay Did you like this example? Change is an inevitable part of life. This is exactly what Obierika and the Ibo clan must do, change, in order to survive the cultural collision of the Ibo and the colonizers in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart. Obierika is an example of the type of personality that has a strong sense of self and at the same time is open to new ideas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Obierikas Strong Sense" essay for you Create order For this reason, Obierikas forward-thinking is key to how he survives the cultural collision; he respects the law of the land and the Oracle but doesnt follow blindly and is cautious to hold his own sense of identity. Obierikas strong sense of self comes from the customs of the Ibo that guided him in becoming one of the higher ranking men in his village. However, it is his forward-thinking that sets him apart from the rest of the Ibo. What crime had they commited? He asked himself when he thought deeply about the twins that are left to die in the Evil Forest. He respects his culture but knows that there is something ethically wrong with killing a baby. The colonizers bring new ideas about the way people should be treated, which line up with what he has been questioning since before they came. This ties in with his respect with is culture. Obierika is a man with a high title in his village due to his respect of the Ibo culture. He believes in the Oracle and the law of the land but the difference is that he doesnt follow blindly. But if the Oracle said that my son should be killed I would neither dispute it nor be the one to do it. He find a way to not be part of the death of an innocent and warns Okonkwo not to be part of it but fails. We see that later on Okonkwo suffers the consequences when he accidentally kills someone and has to flee the village to his motherland. Obierika shows that he remains Ibo in his beliefs but takes a stand when something that is ethically wrong happens. This is what helps him feel like he can identify with the colonizers. Although he identifies with them in a sense, he is careful to retain his identity as an Ibo. Obierika is curious about the colonists that come to Umuofia and shares with them about his culture as he learns about their culture. He even engages in conversations with Mr. Brown about the differences and similarities in their religions. Although he is very open to the new ideas hes learning, he does realize that their rich and complex culture is slowly dying. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart. He understands that he doesnt have the power to keep them from destroying their culture completely, and sadly his friend too. Even though he couldnt save him, Obierika was able to save himself from the clash of cultures. In conclusion, Obierika is one of the more forward-thinking, wiser and cautious characters in this book and for this reason he survived the dangerous collision of Ibo and Christian cultures and beliefs. Many cultures are experiencing this since the world started getting explored and we see it now in our present lives in California with the many cultures that live here. Its not easy to make way for different ways of living but everybody has to try because having mutual respect for your neighbor is a universal feeling.

Wordsworth s Hope For Humans And Nature - 1497 Words

Wordsworth’s Hope for Humans and Nature Does anyone fully understand why people go for walks through the woods to try to relax? William Wordsworth believed that nature was a key that unlocked the soul trapped in the human body. In his poem, â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,† he described how free his soul felt when immersed in nature. Wordsworth loved nature and wanted the rest of the human race to become conscious of nature’s charm on the human soul. Wordsworth explained how he wanted humans to become more involved in nature by using peaceful metaphors, exciting personification, and a repetition of happiness and hope throughout this work. Wordsworth was a romantic poet throughout the 1800’s. â€Å"Romantic poetry was marked by heightened emotion and sentiment; a strong sense of individualism; a respect for nature, history and mysticism; and a return to first-person lyric poems,† (Mandell). As many of the poems in the romantic time period, this is a first person lyric. The speaker of the lyrical poem is Wordsworth’s soul when he is in nature. Nature was a crucial part of his life, as he would go on long trips across the country to spend copious amounts of time in nature. For example, â€Å"before his final semester, he set out on a walking tour of Europe, an experience that influenced both his poetry and political sensibilities.† (William Wordsworth). During majority of these escapades, he wrote many poems similar to this. Wordsworth wrote about nature and how happy he was whenShow MoreRelatedWordsworth And Shelley s On Powers And Illusions Of The Inner Imaginative Life1350 Words   |  6 Pages The Romantic period, a time that writers such as Wordsworth and Shelley focused their writing in the centre of life and social importance. An important aspect of Romanticism: its emphasis upon the power and terrors of the inner imaginative life (Watson, 2012, p. 1). The Prelude celebrates Wordsworth s life retained through memories and with the act of remembering, depicting emotions and experiences. Whereas, Shelley and the Ode to the West Wind engaged his audience with inner and outerRead MoreTintern Abbey, by William Wordsworth664 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Wordsworth was a fanatic towards nature. From one of the texts written by William Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey describes nature at its finest. While this story was set in the Romantic time periods, Wordsworth would be the most important poet in the generation one poets. After spending five years away from what he had loved, Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth learned that it was the little things in life that mattered the most. Tinter n Abbey is located somewhere in the United Kingdom. Once was a greatRead MoreTintern Abbey Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesPresent, and Future: Finding Life Through Nature William Wordsworth poem #8220;Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey#8221; was included as the last item in his Lyrical Ballads. The general meaning of the poem relates to his having lost the inspiration nature provided him in childhood. Nature seems to have made Wordsworth human.The significance of the abbey is Wordsworth#8217;s love of nature. Tintern Abbey representes a safe haven for Wordsworth that perhaps symbolizes a everlasting connectionRead MoreVictory over Death in Wordsworth ¡Ã‚ ¯S  ¡Ã‚ °Intimations of Immortality Ode ¡Ã‚ ±1670 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Wordsworth, a nineteenth-century author, was no exception to this universal dilemma of considering death as the absolute end of one ¡Ã‚ ¯s existence or the beginning of one ¡Ã‚ ¯s existence in a new setting.  ¡Ã‚ °Nothing was more difficult for me in childhood than to admit the notion of death as a state applicable to my own being, ¡Ã‚ ± Wordsworth frankly describes to Isabella Fenwick in 1843 about the anxiety and fear he experienced when he first understood the concept of death. However, Wordsworth solvesRead MoreThe Sorrows Of Young Werther And Wordsworth s The Prelude1441 Words   |  6 PagesNature is a phenomenal thing in the world and it is largely referred to the physical world . indeed the humankind is a part of nature. Living in very relaxing nature give the human freedom of everything. Freedom is a very great word in the society , a direct cause and indirect conflicts of mankind on Earth, both own psychological conflicts or conflicts on the borders of the land. Freedom means the ability to make decisions, or select options, without any limitation or condition, any other autonomyRead More`` The Beat Goes On, I Am Your Host, By Caleb Argent, And Today1629 Words   |  7 PagesGood morning and welcome to the number 1 radio show, The Beat Goes On, I am your host, Caleb Argent, and today we will be going on a journey of reflection as we analysis the power words h ave in evoking human emotion through poems and modern songs alike. Poetry has been motivating, inspiring and inviting people to reflect on themselves for centuries. It has made people look back on the errors of their ways and come to terms with their mistakes. Poetry has the power to do all this because of the wayRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prelude And Lord Byron s Biting Epic1202 Words   |  5 PagesByron’s biting epic satire Don Juan. Incorporating either introspection and reflection or irony and satire, both works incorporate themes from the epic tradition while also subverting its significant aspects. It is essential to first consider the nature of epic poetry and the epic tradition. Classical epic poetry tends to stay true to a specific style and structure, exhibiting many of the same characteristics from story to story. Epic poems usually feature an omniscient narrator and an elevated styleRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s The Prelude And Lord Byron s Biting Epic1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof these works incorporate themes from the epic tradition while also subverting its significant aspects, continuing the epic tradition while also revising and challenging it. Wordsworth and Byron play with the conventions of epic poetry by satirizing, subverting and challenging them. It is essential to first consider the nature of epic poetry and the epic tradition. Classical epic poetry tends to stay true to specific styles and structure, exhibiting many of the same characteristics from story to storyRead MoreOde Of Man And Nature By William Wordsworth And Samuel Taylor Coleridge974 Words   |  4 PagesBriana Patel Humn 211 Professor Wallausser November 4, 2014 Ode to Man and Nature Romanticism was a movement in the arts that flourished in Europe and America throughout much of the 19th century from the period of the French revolution in 1789. The writers of the Romantic era admired nature and celebrated the divinity of creation. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were the two great poets of the Romantic period and it was the effort that they put together that created some of theRead MoreThe Prelude by William Wordsworth1181 Words   |  5 Pagesthe value of literature, art and nature. Young Wordsworths life during this inquisitive time establishes a unique context in which to describe the relation between ones experiences and ones developing views. Wordsworths life work, The Prelude, articulates his perspective on life as he engages in the culture of his era. Undoubtedly, the underlying theme of the Romantic Movement – consisting of artists such as Wordsworth – resonates in their emphasis on nature. The first book of The Prelude

Superposed Community Essay - 815 Words

â€Å"Dat Talk† What is a speech community? This may be a question asked by many. A Speech community is a group of people who share the same norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Everyone belongs to some type of speech community based on their demographic background, race, or age. Every day I use words that may only be acceptable and understood by the people included in my speech community. Depending on the place or scenario my words may slightly be altered to adjust to the speech community I am entering. When I’m with my friends a normal conversation may go, â€Å"what’s good bro?† meaning what is going on or how are you doing? â€Å"You at the crib bro?† a phrase used to know if one of our friends is at his place of residence. In my†¦show more content†¦I feel that slang and language itself has come a long way. There was a day where I asked an elderly lady at my job if she knew what molly was she explained with a confused face that she didn’t. I told her that molly was the street name for the drug ecstasy. She then told me that when she was my age they called it ex or the love drug I had never heard of the love drug before. This is an example of how words used are change based on your age, race, or norm of that ti me period. I feel that race has a lot to do with the words people use this day in age; for example an African American may call his house a crib and a European American may call it his home. In many cases, people would call this speaking in ebonics. Some words that my speech community use are widely used by others around the same age, and that is also a factor of the drastic change in word development. When a member of my group hears an elder use slang younger people use it’s amusing I feel like the older generation is stepping out of their norm when it comes to staying up to date with the new slang. There are a few older people who catch on to the lingo my group and I use, and try to incorporate it into their lives to feel young ,and keep up with the norms of the constant changing world. During our daily lives the members of my speech community seem to know what slang to use during a certain situation. I belong to a few speech communities, but my friends seemShow MoreRela tedSpeech Communities1429 Words   |  6 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary a speech community is defined as a socially distinct group that develops a dialect; a variety of language that diverges from the national language in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. Gumperz, Dorian, Fishman, Labov, Hymes, and Corder helped define a speech community. This essay will touch on the basis of multiple aspects of a speech community depending on their similarities and differences as well as how the concepts of these speech communities relate to such articles writtenRead MoreDiglossia1349 Words   |  6 Pagesstandard or regional standards), there is a very divergent, highly codified (often grammatically more complex) superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and respected body of written literature, either of an earlier period or in another speech community, which is learned largely by formal education and is used for most written and formal spoken purposes but is not used by any section of the community for ordinary conversation. (Ferguson, Charles (1959). Diglossia. Word 15: 325–340.) Language is a veryRead MoreIslam s Influence On Islam2245 Words   |  9 Pagesfirst groups of people were the Umayyads, who went to Spain and Damascus and altered the building of certain monuments. In Cordoba, Spain, the Umayyads conquered the land under the new Umayyad dynasty founded by Abd al Rahman, and diversified the community with their sciences, culture and tradition. Abd al-Rahman was a surviving member of the Umayyad family line, and once he conquered Cordoba with the help of the Syrians, the proclaimed the Umayyad empire independent which lasted for over two hundredRead MoreSpread Of Islam : Worldwide Architecture Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst groups of people were the Umayyads, who went to Spain and Morocco and altered the building of certain monuments. In Cordoba, Spain, the Umayyads conquered the land under the new Umayyad dynasty founded by Abd al Rahman, and diversified the community with their sciences, culture and tradition. Abd al-Rahman was a survivin g member of the Umayyad family line, and once he conquered Cordoba with the help of the Syrians, the proclaimed the Umayyad empire independent which lasted for over two hundredRead MoreLanguage Planning and Language Development4062 Words   |  17 Pageswhich account for regional linguistic differences even where a single language is dominant. In the past, linguists assumed a uniform and invariant structure of language. At the present moment it is generally accepted that the speech matrix of a community is constituted of varieties of varieties of the language. These are generally treated under rubrics of style, register, dialect, sociolect, etc. While in a single dominant language society, the different varieties tend to have specialised functions

Developing Professional Practice in Hrd free essay sample

Until recently HRD has been seen as a reactive support function, but your role has evolved to reflect the changing nature of the HRD function as it becomes more of a strategic business partner. Development budgets have also become centralised completely to the HRD function. You have conducted a needs analysis and the manager’s view of his team’s development needs doesn’t match your own findings. To complicate things, some small groups have emerged in his section, with conflicting views on the need for development and what form it should take. Task Your approach to meeting the development needs favours on the manager doing some on-the-job coaching and providing shadowing opportunities elsewhere in the business. The manager strongly disagrees, believing that the performance issues can be rectified by his team attending a short off site training course. He now believes more senior management intervention is needed to resolve the growing disagreement between you both. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Professional Practice in Hrd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ What do you think are the potential sources of conflict between you and the manager? Firstly the manager’s length of service, having been with the company for â€Å"several years† suggests that he possibly sees himself as an expert in his role and is averse to the changing culture of the HRD function. He may lack understanding of my role as a strategic business partner having been used to the function previously providing reactive support. Is he resentful about a collaborative style of working? Does he feel that his expertise is being taken away in the decision making processes? Is he playing power games and engaging in political behaviour to enhance his own position? Organisation politics are a reality in most organisations, and while game-playing might outwardly appear to be wasted time, it is necessary in order to secure resources, progress ideas, achieve personal goals and often to enhance one’s standing. † https://dspace. lib. cranfield. ac. uk/bitstream/1826/4342/1/You_stab_my_back. p df His control of the development budget has been taken away and is now managed by the HRD function. Does this make him feel that responsibility has been taken away from him, taking away power and causing resentment towards me as a representative from HRD. Again, this could give cause for him to engage in politics to ascertain his position. Politics within an organisation can be vital in the progression of objectives, gaining different ideas, skills and views. The danger lies in these differences not being acknowledged or managed skilfully. The findings from my needs analysis immediately contradict his viewpoint and challenge his knowledge of his own team’s needs. The manager believes that training courses are the answer to all of his team’s performance issues – I believe that on the job coaching is a more effective way of managing performance another direct conflict of views. In sending them on a training course, the onus is put on the HRD function. In carrying out regular on the spot coaching, the onus lies on the manager. Does he fear this? I see benefit in the manager shadowing others within the business as a part of his development so that he can see how effectively on the job coaching is working in other parts of the business. The potential conflict will be getting him to see the benefits of on the job coaching and getting him to shadow to see those benefits! Why do you think the different groups within the function have conflicting thoughts about the need for development and the form it should take? The formation of smaller groups within the team concerns me and particularly their conflicting views on the need for development and the form it should take. How well does the manager manage his team? How much of an interest does he take in the development of his team on an individual and group basis? How often does he speak to them about their developme nt? How encouraging is he? How is he managing the small groups? How much influence does he have over certain team members? Their views could be genuinely held and genuinely match their manager’s, but as the groups have â€Å"emerged† I suspect that he is influencing them through using his power as a manager. Potential sources of power that he could be using can be identified by French and Raven’s research (DPPPparticipantpack Page 40): Legitimate – do they believe that because he is their manager that he has the right to expect compliance and acceptance of his own views on their development? Reward – do they believe that he has the ability to give them the development that they want or prevent them from getting any unless they agree with his views? Expert – is the manager declaring that he knows what’s best for them having been in the position for several years? Referent – does the manager have closer interpersonal relationships with certain members who he can influence more easily? Coercive – does the manager issue threats to certain team members if they don’t agree with his views? These threats can be about redundancy, demotion or similar. If the manager is using any of the above sources of power to influence his team, then this would need to be found out and addressed very quickly. I’d like to think that the workshops mentioned later in the assignment may gives hints around why small groups have emerged so that these behaviours can be managed moving forwards. †¢ What would you do to avoid conflict developing between you and the manager? In Tuckmann’s Team Development Model (DPPPparticipantpack Page 36), we are at the â€Å"storming† stage of our relationship. At this stage we have got to know each other through the â€Å"forming† stage and our differences in opinions are coming to the surface and disagreements have arisen. We need to work through this to reach the next phase in our relationship – â€Å"norming† so that we can start to agree goals and solutions to achieve them. I need to remain assertive and not take his game playing personally, but rather see it as a vital part in the progress of our relationship. My first action point in preventing conflict from developing would be to set up a meeting with the manager to discuss our potential sources of conflict. I’d explain beforehand that I’d like the objective of the meeting to focus on finding a solution to at least one of the areas of conflict and agree an action plan that we can move forward with. According to Thomas-Kilmann’s conflict styles, this represents a collaborative style of dealing with conflict. â€Å"Collaborating involves an attempt to work with others to find some solution that fully satisfies their concerns. It means digging into an issue to pinpoint the underlying needs and wants of the two individuals. Collaborating between two persons might take the form of exploring a disagreement to learn from each others insights or trying to find a creative solution to an interpersonal problem. † http://www. kilmann. com/conflict. tml During the meeting I’d encourage him to be honest with his views before sharing mine. This would avoid him thinking that I was there purely to impose my own views and shows that I’m interested in his points of view. Whilst he’s talking, I will actively listen to his views and ask questions to gain an in-depth understanding. I wouldn’t mention my own views at this point. In doing this he gets to talk about his concerns; I get to listen and understand what lies behind them. It also sets the tone for the meeting and allows for an open and honest conversation on both sides. When he’s finished talking, I will talk through my points of view and encourage him to ask questions, in the same way that I did with him. This is where influencing, persuasion and negotiation can start†¦ †¢ How would you persuade him of the benefits of your approach and gain his approval to avoid senior management intervention? In holding the initial meeting with him and gaining an understanding of his needs and concerns, I can start to influence and persuade him by presenting a factual and balanced case around the actions I have in mind. There are four basic influencing skills which I’d use during the meeting: †¢ Asserting Using positive and assertive language. Expressing my views clearly, directly and honestly. †¢ Bridging Drawing out his points of view by listening and questioning to show that I’ve understood what he’s saying and linking my views with his. Attracting Aiming to get him enthused by my propositions and getting him to feel he is taking part in an important and exciting project Observing Watching his reactions to what I’m saying through his body language, facial expressions, tone of voice and verbal reaction. †¢ These basic skills form a fundamental part of the negotiation process which will take place with the manager. To effectively negotiate I’d need to ensure that before the meeting I prepare myself by: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ defining my objective(s) and thinking about what I’d like to achieve by the end of it get the facts and wri te them all down organise my argument in thinking about how I present my ideas in a positive and enthusiastic way anticipate objections from him During the meeting I’d: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ find out what the manager wants through listening and asking questions look for hidden agendas prepare a simple presentation, with impact but ensuring that I keep it on his level and use a language that he’ll understand make him a contributor to my ideas by involving him and encouraging his input sell the benefits positively gain commitment and take immediate action DPPPparticipantpack Page 39 The immediate action from this meeting would be to agree our top priority to work with. The top priority that I’d try to influence during the meeting would be to go right back to basics and revisit the needs analysis for the team. I’d suggest running workshops with the team, which both of us would co-facilitate. By doing this, the manager would hear directly from his people what their development needs are, at the same time as me, which would allow us to progress with our next plan of action. In doing this, we are working together at each stage which will help to build trust and develop a collaborative style of working. Your word count is 1500 (+/- 10%). References used: https://dspace. lib. cranfield. ac. uk/bitstream/1826/4342/1/You_stab_ my_back. pdf DPPPparticipantpack Page 36 http://www. kilmann. com/conflict. html DPPPparticipantpack Page 39 DPPPparticipantpack Page 40 Bibliography www. mindtools. com www. businessballs. com www. cipd. co. uk DPPPparticipantpack Include a list of cited References and a separate Bibliography of sources consulted but not specifically mentioned in preparing your response. These do not count towards your word count. Understand what is required to be an effective and efficient HRD professional Tips CIPD Assessment Criteria met from this activity 3. 1 Describe the elements of group dynamics and conflict resolution methods. 3. 2 Apply a range of methods for influencing, persuading and negotiating with others. 3. 3 Explain the presence of political behaviour and how it impacts on achieving organisation objectives.

Society and Culture free essay sample

Action research is carried out be people who usually recognize a problem or limitation in their workplace situation and, together, devise a plan to counteract the problem, implement the plan, observe what happens, reflect on these outcomes, revise the plan, implement it, reflect, revise and so on. Action research can be though of as a spiral of planning, acting, observing and reflecting, occruing through time until the most desirable outcomes for all participants are achieved. | The Nature of Social and Cultural Continuity and Change| Understanding continuity and change through:| Identifying the nature of social and cultural continuity and change| The concepts of continuity and change are commonly used in our society, but for many of us they are hard to define. These terms share the feature of time being a determining factor. It is the opportunity of time that allows a society to develop and modify itself to change. Likewise when we observe a particular culture or community over a period of time we can oberve clear continuities. We will write a custom essay sample on Society and Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term social change is a term used within sociology and applies to modifications in social relationships or culture (the term cultural change is the term used within anthropology). Since society and culture are interdependent, sociocultural change is a more accepted term. The study of sociocultural change is the systematic study of variation in social and cultural systems. There are inherent methodological problems of identification and measurement of change, and rarely does one cause produce one effect. All societies are involved in a process of social change, however, this change may be so incremental that the members of the society are hardly aware of it. People living in very traditional societies would be in this category. Societies are characterised by change: the rate of change, the processes of change, and the directions of change. The actions of individuals, organisations and social movements have an impact on society and may become the catalyst for social change. The actions of individuals, however, occur within the context of culture, institutions and power structures inherited from the past, and usually, for these individuals to effect dramatic social change, the society itself is tripe for change. Broad social trends, for example, shifts in population, urbanisation, industrialisation and bureaucratisation, can lead to significant social change. In the past, this has been associated with modernisation, the process whereby a society moves from traditional, less developed modes of production (like small-scale agriculture) to technologically advanced industrial modes of production. Trends like population growth and urbanisation have a significant impact on other aspects of society, like social structure, institutions and culture. Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century social theorists focused fairly extensively on modernisation, but they tended to present on oversimplified grand narrative which resulted from heavily ideological interpretations of the contrast between tradition and modernisation. They also attempted to externalise absolutes, social laws as they saw them, and they argued that these social laws were operative in structurally similar societies. Social continuity cannot simply be defined as the absence of social change, that is, things remaining the same, because social change is a continual process in all societies. Nothing remains the same. However, within societies there are structures which are inherently resistant to change, and in this sense, we can talk about them as being social continuities. Individuals within societies need social continuities to a lesser or greater extent, depending on significant factors like age, gender, education, access to power, wealth, vested interest, etc. Even rock-solid institutions like the family, the law, and religions are subject to change, even though they represent social continuity. There has always been family and it is still the foundational institution for society and the primary agent of socialisation, however the composition of family has changed in recent years, leading to different kinds of families and different socialisation experiences for their members. The same ideas can be applied to law and religion. Social and cultural continuities can be likened to individuals habits comfortable patterns of behaviour that give individuals a sense of security and personal control a haven or a respite in a sea of social and cultural change. There is a high correlation between the rate of social and cultural change and resistance to that change. In times when members of a society feel that change is out of control, it is likely that the desire for continuity becomes more extreme, resulting in backward-looking idealisations of the past. While social change is itself a continuity, certain periods of human history have created great transformations (Polanyi 1973). The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution created one such Great Transformation. Polanyi saw it as beginning in the 17th and 18th centuries and continuing today, characterised by:| | | †¢ the rise of a capitalist, global economy and growth in production and wealth †¢ a scientific revolution new ways of thinking about causation, moving from religious to secular †¢ a new concept of time population growth, immigration and urbanisation political move to nation, which involved governments expanding their control to social, economic and cultural life, followed by the extension of that control to other, less advanced countries (colonialism/imperialism) either through military conquest or trade conquest and today, perhaps, characterised by conquest through communication (eg. the Americanisation or westernisation of culture). | | | According to Bessant and Watts (1999: 20):A key sign of the magnitude of the changes in that first Great Transformation is found in the ways people continued talking about the experience of loss, the world we have lost. Phrases like the death of God, demise of the family, and the loss of community reflect the long-standing feelings of bereavement and loss that accompanied the modernising experience. Polanyi would argue that similar feelings of loss and bereavement are expressed, in similar terms, today in our post-modern society where rapid, often dramatic change has become almost the norm. Although many individuals, for example, Marx, Toennies, Comte and Spencer developed different versions of what Comte called sociology, the science of society, it wasnt until the late 1 9th century that sociology as established as an academic discipline. Social theories came out of this new discipline, as attempts to explain, or account for, social change. Social theories were, and still are today, products of their times and are characterised to a greater or lesser extent by the prevailing views and ideologies of their eras. When studying social theories, and using one or more of them in an attempt to explain soc ial and cultural change, it is important to recognise this fact about them and to be conscious, if not critical, of the biases, values and assumptions inherent in them. Sociological theory can be roughly divided into periods during which different schools of theoretical thought tended to be dominant:| | | †¢ from the late Nineteenth/early Twentieth Century until the 1 92Os, while Sociology was establishing itself as an academic discipline in Its own right (there was, at the same time, a development of Anthropology) Social Darwinism, early evolutionary theory, which was functionalist in its perspective, was a dominant school of thought †¢ the 1940s -1960s was the era of Structural Functionalism (Parsons, Spencer, Durkheim and Comte) by the mid-1 960s (1 960s 1 980s), Marxism, Weberian sociology, Feminism and Symbolic Interactionism were dominant †¢ most recently, Post-Modernism (also called Post-Structuralism) has tended to dominate sociological thinking. | | | This division isnt absolute in that different schools of sociological thought agreed with, disagreed with, borrowed and rejected aspects of each others premises. Even within th e different schools of thought, there is acceptance and rejection of other proponents ideas. | | * TIME Past| Present| Future| What was it like? Why? | What’s changed? Why? What’s the same? Why? | What will change? Why? What will remain? Why? | | Examining the impact of continuity change upon the lives of people in the micro and macro worlds| Family structures- there is no doubt that the nature of structures within the family unit have also changed over the last few decades. In Australian society post WW2, the culture of the day was changing dramatically. Australians for the first time, in some cases, were being exposed to different patterns of living and cultural values with the arrival of many immigrants from many countries around the world. This tradition of immigration to Australia has continued, often as a reaction to world events. Prior to the second WW the most common family model was known as nuclear, two generations living together. However in the past few deceased it has become more common for families to extend. This has been due to either older relatives needing to live with younger generations, or for cultural reasons. In addition to this, the increase of divorce has resulted in a range of new family structures forming. These new structures can range from single-parents to blended families. There are also indicators that tell us though that there are some aspects of the family unit that are changed over the past few decades- continuity-particularly when we look at its purpose. In modern western societies the responsibility of child raising lies with the immediate family. This is one aspect of the role of the family unit that is still a cultural norm. Parents are still seen to be the primary care givers and with the help of other adults around them take on the responsibility for all aspects of their Childs development. All members of that family have a responsibility to that distinct group. This sense of belonging to a distinct social group complete with mutual rights and obligations is also largely unchanged. In western cultures, it is still the family that has one of the most crucial roles in socialising children. This socialisation enables these children to participate in their given society as an adult. Characteristics of students-Many of the changes that have occurred in the way young people approach their education are reflective of the societal change that all of us experience on a daily basis in our society. It is clear that in a relatively short space of time approaches to learning and communication have changed dramatically. In relation to learning specifically, the Millennials: -favour group activity- are able to multi-task with ease-respond and adapt to new technologies very quickly-are positive in their attitude to learning-use technology such as the internet for work and leisureBy that comparison we need to keep in mind, for many Generation X-ers the computer was not commonly used during their peak years of formal education. Technology has also influenced the manner in which students wish to communicate with other students and their teachers. As young people are now used to being able to message people immediately and have a quick response, the manner in which they want to communicate in their general relationships in their micro world has also changed dramatically by comparison to the students before them. Clearly there has been significant change in the way in which young people approach technology and their learning generally. Continuity- the benefit of using different strategies in learning such as visual, linguistic, audiotry, kinaesthetic in order that learning is well balanced has always been evident. While there has always been different trends in approaches to learning, it has been acknowledged for decades that there are many modes of learning on offer to us as students. The need for students to learn from and communicate to others around them during the learning process has also been seen of value for a long period of time. Distinguishing between personal experience and public knowledge | | Examining the role of power and authority in social and cultural continuity and change| | Introducing theories of social change and evaluating their role in explaining continuities and changes in society| | Explore continuity and change through examination of the following questions:When we discuss change we are referring to cultural and social change. Human society according to Toffler has gone through three specific stages of change:- the agrarian revolution: the change in settlement patterns from nomadic to stable communities. Much technological change with regard to ways of working e. g. use of the plough- The industrial revolution: the era of machine replacing muscle, the advent of the use of steam in factories. Production rates increased dramatically as the factory system developed. The development of the new merchant class and a middle class were the major social changes of the day. The working classes also grew with both agricultural workers and urban workers. -The information revolution- this has been referred to as the era of machine replacing the mind. The development of technologies particularly in relation to communication and information technologies. Suter reminds us that there is a correlation between the agrarian revolution, industrial revolution and information revolution and the concepts of power and authority. Agrarian Revolution=monarchy: feudal system, kings and queens, emperors, pharaohs, maharajas. A rule by hereditary elites. Industrial Revolution=Nation State: Rise of democracy, republics, communism: informed public now choose their government, such as voting for the president or electing a prime minister-Information Revolution=? Is this change yet to be define? Who is really running the world? Corportation? Macro groups like the EU? What is the role of the UN, the World Economic Forum and the World Bank? Al-Qaeda? | Is all change necessarily progress? | | Which groups benefit from change? Which do not? | | Are westernization, modernization and industrialization inevitable? | |

Global Misconceptions in The WHO Video

Global Misconceptions in The WHO Video Introduction The WHO video on chronic illness acts as a revelation, for the reason that it provides the audience with a view of the chronic health conditions in the developing countries. It serves to dispel numerous myths and misconceptions about the suffering of people in the third world countries from what have traditionally been viewed as lifestyle diseases, mostly affecting residents of the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Misconceptions in The WHO Video specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People have tended to assume that the third world countries were immune or at least not prone to conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart attacks, among others (WHO, 2014). Despite the assumptions, the video dismisses this information by indicating that 80% of the people who die come from low and middle-income nations. In addition, they are likely to affect women and children as they would affect men. The video contains several personal stories of victims from developing countries, most of whom are living in poverty and have been severely affected by chronic diseases. The stories focused on people living with chronic diseases and the underlying risks, given that today millions of people are dying, and many others are becoming disabled because of chronic diseases (WHO, 2014). The stories are aimed at raising the awareness. They demonstrate the very deep and personal impact of the diseases on individuals, their families, and communities. Are individual behaviors to blame? Individuals are not necessarily responsible for getting chronic conditions since, although the causes are known, many people often suffer from them even when they have not been exposed. In addition, some of them are genetic and/or environmental, which limits the extent to which potential victims can take actions. However, in some cases, individuals’ lifestyles significantly contribute to their vulnera bility. For example, someone who consumes excess amounts of junk food or alcohol would have relatively high chances of suffering from diabetes. Similarly, a heavy smoker would also be at a high risk of suffering from cancer because of his or her lifestyle (WHO, 2014). Nonetheless, the idea that nothing can be done is fallacious, since there are numerous measures that an individual can take to protect himself or herself.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include regular exercises, a healthy diet, and frequent medical checkups. While they might not eliminate the risks of getting a condition, such as cancer or diabetes, risks would be significantly reduced. Developed vs. developing countries While chronic diseases are for the most part preventable, governments and health organizations in many third world countries have found it very difficult to address them due to s everal factors. In developing nations, the education levels are very low, which result in ignorance that complicates efforts to provide citizens with health education. In some societies, people refuse to accept the connection between lifestyle and illness, and blame supernatural powers or witchcraft. In addition, owing to insufficient funds and/or research data in relation to the scope of the problem, efforts to address these problems are often disorganized. Hence, they tend not to be very effective. Conversely, on the West, an educated population takes the issue very seriously, and many studies have been carried out on it, which makes it comparatively easy to address the matter (WHO, 2014). However, in the developed nations, there is a unique challenge because, despite the awareness of the risk factors, people often ignore them. In low-income nations, the main challenge is to get sufficient resources to fight the diseases, while, in the high-income ones, it is to educate people abo ut the risks of chronic diseases. Reference WHO. (Executive producer). (2014). Face to face with chronic disease. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.

Specification of writing business plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Specification of writing business plans - Essay Example The paper tells that in the conditions of changeable economics, stability and success of every economic player can be insured only by effective planning of its economic performance. The planning program of business optimization is represented by business plan, which is working instrument used in every sphere of entrepreneurship. This document describes the process of firm’s functioning and shows essential methods that can help supervisors to attain own goals and tasks. Good structured business plan helps enterprise grow, conquer new position on the market, build perspective concepts of launching new goods and services, choose rational methods of their implementation and receive various ways of financing. According to Collins, â€Å"Business plans are like sell sheets on steroids. It details your current financial position and your path to revenue growth†. Creation of business plan is conventional and generally adopted way to define objectives of economic performance and outline initial routes for their achievements. This document can be carried out for start-up as much as for already existed entry on successive stage of its development. Business plan is an objective evaluation of own entrepreneurial performance and extremely important instrument of production according to market needs. Successful co-founder and co-owner of Roaring Lion Energy Drink that is worth millions of dollars, Sean Hackney, stated that writing business plan was absolutely worthwhile, because there were a lot of ideas that needed to be put on paper. (as cited in Henricks, 2008, p. 94). The main purpose of elaborating business plan is to predict economic and financial performance of the company for the nearest perspectives, taking into account needs of target consumers and abilities of getting required resources. Goals of business planning Traditionally business plan is considered to be an efficacious mode that helps to attract finance needed for project’s implementatio n. However, many specialists highlight other not less important tasks, which can be carried out with a help of business plan. They are the following: defining concrete directions of performance and target markets; formulating long-term and short-term goals, strategy and tactics of their attaining; choosing the most appropriate products and appraising production and costs of marketing; revealing correspondence of present staff and conditions of motivation with qualifying standards; outlining marketing measures aimed at marketing research, advertising, sale promotion, pricing; evaluating financial state of the company and availability of financial and maternal resources; predicting obstacles that may hinder practical implementation of the project. According to Smith (2004), planning process provides assistance in delegation of responsibilities, results in better co-ordination of resources and encourages constant forward thinking (p. 3). Elaboration of business plan is time-taking and rather laborious process, but implementation of this complex multi-functional document has several objectives. First of all, business plan encourages attraction of external capital. Financial calculations of mentioned document are able to explain what sum of start-up financial resources is required, how they are going to be returned to potential investors and creditors, what risks can take place and others. Secondly, on the beginning stage of project’s implementation business plan insures communication between entrepreneur and future suppliers, merchandisers and employees. Then it helps to avoid impediments before setting up own business. Also business plan is a reliable way to model system of

To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice Research Paper

To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice setting in nursing - Research Paper Example This is achievable through the establishment of an effective bedside policy that promotes effective hand off in the health care setting. Reporting in this case refers to the transfer of accountability, responsibility, and authority of a patient and their care from one caregiver to another. Bedside reporting, on the other hand, refers to a concept that involves providing a report to the incoming caregiver in the presence of a patient. This report provides a policy that seeks to maximize the benefits bedside report (Athwal, Fields, and Wagnell, 2009). To maximize the benefits of bedside report in the hospital, nurses will be required to adhere to the following policy initiatives. Firstly, immediately on the day of admission, a bedside nurses or any other hospital staff will be required to explain briefly the process to patients and families, as well as invite patients and families to form part of the bedside shift report. In addition, bedside shift nurses will be required to give patients a brochure on the bedside shift report. Secondly, at each shift, nurses must ensure that the shift report takes place at the patient’s bedside. At the same time, nurses will be required to invite patients and families to take part in the shift report. Anderson and Mangino (2006) observed that, in some instances, patients or families might not be privy to certain information or diagnosis. However, bedside shift report is not the right place to discuss bad news. In this regard, nurses will be required to refrain from divulging any sensitive information or diagnosis during bedside shift. Instead, they will be required to follow the procedure set out by the hospital for discussing such sensitive information. Families also tend to complicate matters during bedside shift report (Griffin, 2010). This sometimes makes it difficult for nurses to know

Advantages Of Using Subnetting

Advantages Of Using Subnetting Subnetting is allowed you to divide one physical network which is whether a class A, B, or C into several smaller logical subnetworks. The main idea of subnetting is borrowing bits from the host IP address and using them to create one or more networks within the network. Furthermore, It permits using two or more local area networks (LANs) technology in the same network such as Ethernet and Toking ring (Cisco 2005; PSI 2000). Advantages of using subnetting: It is useful to control and to reduce the network traffic by limiting number of broadcasts. It is allowed any organization to subnet its network without needed to have a new network IP through an internet service provider (ISP). Subnetting was so helpful to solve the problem of lacking IP addresses on the Internet. Allowing to use two or more LAN technologies together in the same network. Subnets also helpful to minimize the size of the routing tables on the internet since additional network numbers will not being added to the table. When you want to isolate segments for security reasons such as accounting and sales segment. When you want to isolate bad segments such as domination hosts which use most of the LAN bandwidth (PSI 2000). Disadvantage Advantages of using subnetting: Subnetting decreases the total number of IP addresses in the network but may need buying additional hardware such as a router. So, it may cost lots of money(PSI 2000). It cannot correct the lack of efficiency because companies still assign address block regarding to classes (Kozierok 2005). Supernetting It is the opposite of subnetting that is allowed you to divide one physical network into several smaller logical networks. On the other hand, Supernetting is allowed you to combine one or more smaller logical network to making one large network. It is a part of classless inter domain routing (CIDR) (Wright 1998). In addition, it is used in routing tables to merge nearby class C (Blank 2002). It is necessary when you need more hosts on the network. So, the main concept of supernetting is borrowed one or more bits from the current network address and using it to produce a large amount of hosts (Inetdaemon). Private and Public IP addresses Public IP Address It is an IP address which is able to be seen by the public. Public IP Address allows people access your computer form everywhere and know about you such as a web server. Private IP Addresses It is used on a private network and it is not able to route through the public Internet. It is useful for security reasons. All privet IP addresses are fallen within the following IP address ranges (Syndication 2007): Class A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 2- Subnetting calculate : 192.168.1.40/24 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks / 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 10.4.78.21/8 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/ networks / 1677216 Total usable IP addresses in each subnet/network / 1677214 The first 5 subnets/networks / 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.9/24 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks- 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 203.51.131.23/27 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 32 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks /30 The first 5 subnets/networks-203.51.131.0, 203.51.131.1, 203.51.131.2, 203.51.131.3, 203.51.131.4 198.110.43.112/26 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 64 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 62 The first 5 subnets/networks / 198.110.43.64, 198.110.43.65, 198.110.43.66, 198.110.43.67,198.110.43.68 3- Static and dynamic routing : Static routing manually is configured into the routing table by configuration file or a network administrator who can access and configure the routers (Inetdaemon2). So, it is called static because it needs someone who can create that routing table physically. In addition, it provides control over routing (Balchunas 2007). Advantages of Static Routing: It reduces the physical hardware overhead. It also minimize the bandwidth overhead (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Static Routing: Static routing is a manual process so it will not work good with a massive number of routing. It also does not fix any connection problem so the router must configured manually to solve any connection down (Inetdaemon2). Difficult to configure large network (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing Dynamic routing automatically is configured by a routing protocol that runs on the routers (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing protocols are applications that can find a network destination and then record it into the routing table (Inetdaemon2). Advantages of Dynamic Routing: Easy to configure a big networks. Dynamically change to a different route if there is any connection down (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Dynamic Routing: Consuming more bandwidth. It consumes more hardware as well. It chooses the best connection way regarding to the routing protocol not to the routers administrator (Balchunas 2007). Commonly used dynamic routing table RIP (Routing Information Protocol). EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) (Balchunas 2007). 4- The difference between a layer 2 and a layer 3 network device The difference between them is a layer 2 device works only with MAC addresses to forward network data packets; however a layer 3 device works on IP address. Moreover, layer 2 devices are transfer network packets from physical address to physical address but layer 3 devices looking for the best route to transmit data packets. So, layer 2 networks are faster than a layer 3 network because it just needs to forward data to the right destination without make any decision (Simon 2006). Example of layer 2 device and describing it: Switch. It is used to connect two local area networks (LAN) or more. It works under OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 2. Furthermore, It usually has multiple ports to connect devices together or to connect two or more local area networks (LAN). it receives data and forwards it depending on the destination MAC (Media Access Control) address to only destination that should receive it . Moreover, It only sends data within the same subnet as well (Maufer). Example of layer 3 device and describing it: Router. Router is used to connect two wide area networks (WAN). It works at OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 3. Furthermore, It forwards data depending on the destination network address to only destination that should receive it as well (Maufer).

Linux Networking Capabilities :: Essays Papers

Linux Networking Capabilities Linux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has all the features expected in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It runs mainly on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the hardware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway. Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to know how many people use Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, relatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, so the number is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux Features Multitasking. Several programs running at once. Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible. Multiplatform. Runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel. Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer. Runs in protected mode on the 386. Memory protection between processes. So that one program can't bring the whole system down. Demand loads executables. Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used. Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied somewhere else. Copy-on-write has two benefits: increasing speed and decreasing memory use. Virtual memory using paging (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code. Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache.

Introduction to Ambisonics

The development of Ambisonic surround sound systems started in the 1970’s. They were based on a mathematical model of directional psychoacoustics, which was developed by Michael Gerzon. The model which he developed, described directional psychoacoustics in a mathematical form, so that it could conveniently be used in calculations relating to surround sound system (Mallham 10) Ambisonics can be defined as a method of recording information about a soundfield and reproducing it over some form of loudspeaker array so as to produce the impression of hearing a true three dimensional sound image.Simply put, Ambisionics is a system of recording and playback of sound fields. The model was developed by Gerzon. It used several previous theories of loaclization, and hence was more directional as compared to other systems, resulting in benefits such as reduced listening fatigue, good inter-loudspeaker imaging with reduced susceptibility to the detent effect – the tendency for appare nt source locations to be pulled towards the closest loudspeaker. This later feature improved image stability (Cotterell ch-1 16)Ambisonics is basically a two-part system of recording and playback, which is built upon strong mathematical foundations and theories of human hearing. The term soundfield, mentioned above, is a word used for describing sounds in the environment. It usually implies 3 dimensions. For recording in Ambisonics, an array of microphone capsules are built into one microphone called a Soundfield microphone. This Soundfield mike recording are then processed and encoded into a special format, called B-format, which may be written on and distributed using many different types of media.In the endy, a decoder is used to process and recover the soundfield, This can be played back in many types of listening setup, giving a unique output for every speaker available (Adams 2) As is seen in above, Ambisonics employs a signal set, known as â€Å"B-format†. This is bas ed on the principle of encoding direction, without reference to the loudspeaker layout used for reproduction. This results in Ambisonic systems being adaptable to multiple loudspeaker layouts. Using an Ambisonic decoder, appropriate loudspeaker feed signals can be derived from the transmitted B-format signals.Generally the number of loudspeakers exceeds the number of B-format signals. This is done to obtain good performance from Ambisonic systems, since in the number loudspeakers usually gives better results (Adams 2) It is observed that the Brain can process Soundfield information in several ways. However, much of this processing is seen to rely on the differences between sounds reaching the ears. As an example, if a sound is played to on the right side, because the right ear is closer, it will first receive the sound than the other ear.This is termed as Interaural Time Delay (ITD). Again, in this case the sound would be quieter in the left ear, not only because it is farther away, but because the body and head will absorb some of the sound. This is termed as Interaural Level Difference (ILD). The brain also pays attention to the timing between and relative loudness of sounds coming directly from the source and sounds reflected off of walls and other surfaces. This means that sources that are farther away tend to have more reflected energy than direct energy reaching the ears.These ear-brain interactions are called psychoacoustics (Adams 2). When a Soundfield recording is done, more efforts are made to gather and record as much information about a very small volume of space, as possible. This information comprises of just – measurements of air pressure and air pressure changes. By just adding an omnidirectional microphone to the pair of figure eight units, it is seen that one can capture all this information, with simple low order microphones. The three hree capsules should be acoustically at exactly the same place in the soundfield i.e. , The capsules are arranged to be truly coincident. This becomes even more difficult when theer is an addition of an up-down oriented figure eight capsule in order to record height information.. This problem has been overcome in the Soundfield microphone which uses four small capsules situated on the surface of a notional sphere to sample the incoming sounds (Mallham 12) Building upon recording techniques for stereo developed by Alan Blumlein in the 1930s, Ambisonics extends this recording of information into the third dimension.The idea is to record not only the pressure at a location, but also the pressure changes in different directions – front-back, left-right, and up-down. With proper decoding of this information using mathematics as well as psychoacoustics, a soundfield can be produced by speakers in the room, which reconstructs what was going on in that small volume at the listener's location (Adams 2). In Ambisonics the horizontal figure eight units are mounted front-back and side- to-side rather than at 45 degrees (Adams 2).Basic Ambisonics Technology The Ambisonic surround sound system can be considered as a two part technological solution to the problems of encoding sound directions, and reproducing them over loudspeaker systems in such a way that the listeners ears are under the impression that the sounds they are gearing are from speakers which are correctly located. Technically speaking, this can take place over a 360 degree horizontal only soundstage i. e. pantophonic systems or over the full sphere i. e. periphonic systems (Mallham 14)Ambisonic offers a hierarchy of encoding schemes from a stereo compatible UHJ format (Sinclair 27) There is no need to consider the actual details of the reproduction system when doing the original recording or synthesis Encoding Equations – The position of a sound within a three dimensional soundfield is encoded in the four signals which make up the B format: X = cosA. cosB (front-back) Y = sinA. cosB (left-right) Z = sinB (up-down) W = 0. 707 (pressure signal) Where, A is the anti-clockwise angle from centre front and B is elevation (Mallham 14)B- Format A number of different signal sets may be used at some stage of an Ambisonic system: A-format signals – The output signals of the microphone capsules making up a soundfield microphone. This signal set is not available to the outside world; it is utilised only within the soundfield microphone itself. C-format signal – The signal set which is conveyed to the listener via a recording or transmission medium, when it differs from B-format, is termed C- format. The â€Å"C† is sometimes said to stand for â€Å"consumer†.The C-format signal sets were proposed as part of the initial development of Ambisonics are together known as the UHJ hierarchy (Cotterell Ap-2 16) With Ambisonics, a sound field is decomposed into spherical harmonic components, termed W, X, Y and Z. These are collectively called B-Format (Leese 7). B-fo rmat is based on the principle of encoding direction, without reference to the loudspeaker layout used for reproduction. As a result of this, ambisonic systems are adaptable to multiple loudspeaker layouts; an ambisonic decoder derives appropriate loudspeaker feed signals from the transmitted B-format signals.To obtain good performance from ambisonic systems, the number of loudspeakers should exceed the number of B-format signals used; a further increase in the number of loudspeakers will usually give improved results (Cotterell ch-1 18) B- format signals can also be expressed in terms of derivatives of sound pressure. The nth-order B-format signal set consists of the signals obtained from coincident microphones having polar patterns corresponding to the (n +1) linearly independent spherical harmonics of all orders up to and including n.A signal set of any order can be extended to a higher order merely by augmenting it with additional signals; it is not necessary to change any of th e existing signals. Thus, an nth order soundfield microphone is distinguished by its ability to provide outputs which are the nth-order B-format signal (Cotterell ch-4 1) B-format signal is the primary signal format for Ambisonic use. Ideally, the B-format signals would be communicated directly to the listener.Unfortunately, this has not always been possible – in particular, the need to distribute recordings via two-channel media, retaining compatibility with existing stereo and mono equipment, led to the need for alternative signal formats to be employed (Cotterell Ap-2 16) Enhanced B-Format; BE-, BF- & BEF-Format Enhanced B-format signal sets have been proposed in connection with B-format decoders, which are optimized specifically for use with HDTV, or more generally for use in support of visual media (Cotterell Ap-2 19)The primary motivation is to produce a frontal sound stage which is more stable with respect to movement by the listener, and specifically to lock centre-fr ont acoustic images in place with respect to a screen. Thus, the motivation is substantially the same as for the use of the centre channel in cinema-oriented surround sound formats. Hence, two extra signals are defined, denoted as E and F, which have directional response patterns. (Cotterell Ap-2 16) Ambisonics and Stereo The B format signals are not at all stereo compatible.However, it is possible to combine the three (X,W,Y) components required for horizontal work in such a way that not only is a good stereo compatible two channel system produced but with a suitable decoder much of the original surround sound image can be recovered. This resulting Soundfield is also not perfect, but carefully designing the encoding equations can make it possible to place the defects in areas where the ear is less susceptible (Mallham 10) This encoding method, called UHJ coding, is used to produce stereo compatible Ambisonic records, tapes and broadcasts.The X,Y and W signals are combined in the fo rm of a two-channel compatible stereo signal (Brice 225). This is done using the following equations Left = (0. 0928 + 0. 255j)X + (0. 4699 – 0. 171j)W + (0. 3277)Y Right= (0. 0928 – 0. 255j)X + (0. 4699 + 0. 171j)W – (0. 3277)Y The above decoding equations are such that a decoder for any of the levels will always extract the correct information from high level inputs – in other words the system is upward compatible (Mallham 10) B+ format Another extension of the B-format, mentioned above, was developed by Dr. Thomas Chen.He calls it as â€Å"B+format†. This gives an optional enhancement to the Ambisonics listening experience. Definition B+ format is the standard 4 channels of B format material known as W, X, Y, and Z plus 2 channels of L/R dry stereo recording. This method of recording separates the dry/direct sound from the ambient/room sound in recording and reproduction. Each serves a distinct purpose and is ideally suited to it. (Chen 1) The à ¢â‚¬Å"+† which is seen in B+ Format denotes the presence of a close-miked standard stereo recording simultaneous with a soundfield recording.This is decoded to the front-half of the rig to give the impression that there is a set of stereo speakers on its surface in front of the listener. The angle between them is around 60 degrees (Adams 2) Chen is the inventor of B+ format. This format extends Ambisonic B format with two additional channels. Going by his definition of the format, one can see that, Chen suggested B+ format by combining the 1st order ambisonic B-format with two additional channels L/R dry channel recording (Trond 2) One way to look at this idea is that the format separates the dry signal and ambience.This means that the dry and ambient signal can be dynamically mixed depending on the space used for playback as well as the preferences of the listener (Trond 3) Why use the B+ format Chen considers that the sound system he ahs created, would provide the following feature:. †¢ Ambient – The system would be ambient. This means that the whole acoustic event could be captured and regenerated, such that it manages to give convincing impression to the listener’s ears, which a conventional stereo sound systems doe not. A soundfield must be present on reproduction.†¢ Accurate – The system would be accurate. This means that the direction of the sounds must be exact, as per the specifications or requirements i. e. front-stage, to the sides, above or below, behind. †¢ Sounds would be free from audible distortions of tone, timbre or position. The system must equally suit all types of singers, without any particular voice sounding good or bad. †¢ Scaleable – The system would support the group listening no matter the size of the group, and the same system could be used by an individual without compromising on the sound quality.The scaling factor would be adjustable †¢ Approachable – The system wo uld be easy use without any complications, physical or otherwise, on the behalf of the listener. For e. g. – No head clamps or enforced body positions or forbidden head directions or microscopic sweet spots or compulsory narrow listening seat. †¢ Practical – The system would be easily tailored to suit the ordinary domestic listening environments, at least as good as what conventional a stereo does.†¢ Compatible – The system would be able to satisfactorily replay the recordings of mono and stereo material; while sound recorded using the technology would replay satisfactorily on conventional stereo systems or would be able to readily convert to match them. For example, FM stereo being broadcast as a mono-compatible Sum and Difference rather than directly as a Left and Right signal. (Chen 2) As mentioned above, B+ Format consists of B format ambient-recorded signal plus two channels of L/R direct recorded signal. It is recorded on 6 channels and when repr oduced it is decoded into as many channels as the listeners wishes. (Chen 3)By using the two channels of L/R direct recorded signal , the directional sound clues from the direct signal as well as the sound of the instrument are present only in the front i. e. – instrument setting experience. There is no vertical height information in this pair, which is added to the frontal speaker array (Chen 3) By enabling the ambient and direct information to be stored separately, the listener can choose the balance of direct and ambient information at the time of reproduction. This will allow for many different sized reproduction spaces. The larger space will need less ambient information while the smaller spaces will need more.In addition the listener can choose the amount of preferred ambience (Chen 3) Time, Location and Spatial Representation The direct sound gives the best directional and instrumental timbre information. Hence, the direct sound should arrive earlier than the ambient s ignal. Also, the direct sound doesn't have any spacious or enveloping qualities (Chen 4) The ambient sound best gives spaciousness, spatial depth and envelopment to the reproduction of sound. B format presentation is known to be inaccurate in presenting location and therefore many scientists are trying to improve the reproduction with higher order of B format decoding.Also, first order of B format is considered to be satisfactory for presenting the ambient sound because it is not well localized (Chen 4). Storage Requirements As mentioned in the section above, B+ Format recordings require 6 channels of storage. This can be obtained with either SACD or DVD-A using MLP compression. Chen says that the advantage of using B+ format disks is that one is not limited to the speaker arrangement that the format will dictate but rather a decoder will determine your listening set up or you can set the decoder for your listening set up (Chen 5) Recording Techniques for B+ FormatDirect Recording S tereo Mics – Recording of the direct channel done by conventional means. Can use stereo microphone techniques: X/Y, M/S or OCT. Stored as L/R or M/S. Direct signal should contain little reverberant information. Recorded using direction microphones. Spot Mics – Spot microphones or flanking microphones to balance recorded sound. Need to add ambience to the spot microphones and to flanking microphones. The ambience added should be in B format and added to the B format channel. Multi Track Techniques – Multi-track techniques used to generate the direct signal and to add ambience in B format.B-Format Recording Room Recording – Room ambient recording done with the Soundfield microphone generating a B format output. The location of the Soundfield microphone is typically at the location in the room where the direct and reverberant sounds are equal. B-Format ambience by convolution –This is a digital technique where a room ambience is measured in B format a nd then is impressed upon another signal. B format ambient information can also be obtained with multiple reverberation devices. At least 3 engines are needed to generate B format reverberance, one for each axis (Chen 5)Techniques for Monitoring B+ Format Ideal decoding with 16 channels Decoding of the B+ format is ideally presented as 16 channels. This is arranged as two rings of 8 speakers with 45 degrees of separation between them. From stereo, it is known that the maximum separation between speakers without a hole in the middle is 60 degrees Thus by using an upper and lower ring of eight speakers vertical/height information can be presented. The listener usually presents the L/R stereo on the front speakers without height information.In this case the listener should be able to adjust the balance of dry versus ambient sound. For this Chen has developed decoders for 16, 12, 10 channels of 3D surround or without height as 8, 6, or 5 channels (Chen 6) Decoding in the present control room The listener can use the present control room to work in B+ format. In this case the decoding is done with 60-degree speaker spacing with two rings of 6 speakers. The front up and down speakers will be combined and the present control room speakers will be used for the sum of the front up and down signals.After this listener can use his present console to obtain the L/R stereo mix and use a pair of auxiliary sends to sent to the B format ambience generator (Chen 6) Software for the B+ format Dr Thomas Chen has developed exciting and powerful software for the Creamware Pulsar system, providing multiple, configurable B-format and B+ format decoding, mixing and signal manipulation subsystems. He intends to make this software available commercially, either through Creamware or direct, in the near future.